Seguimiento a muy largo plazo tras implante de stent en la coartación de aorta / Very long-term follow-up after aortic stenting for coarctation of the aorta

Introducción y objetivos: El implante de stent es el tratamiento de elección en niños mayores y adultos con coartación aórtica (CoA). El objetivo fue determinar la incidencia de eventos tardíos después del tratamiento con stent. Métodos: Se analizó una cohorte de pacientes con CoA tratados en el centro entre 1993 y 2018 a los que se siguió periódicamente, incluyendo evaluación mediante tomografía computarizada (TC) y fluoroscopia. Resultados: Se incluyó a 167 pacientes con TC y fluoroscopia: 83 (49,7%) ≤ 12 años y 46 (28%) mujeres. El tiempo medio de seguimiento clínico fue de 17±8 años (rango 4-30) y de 11±7 años hasta la TC/fluoroscopia. Se detectó aneurisma en un 13% y se asoció al stent PALMAZ (OR=3,09; IC95%, 1,11-9,49; p=0,036) y a la longitud del stent (OR=0,94; IC95%, 0,89-0,99; p=0,039). La fractura del stent fue frecuente (34%) pero no asociada a la presencia de aneurisma. Se asoció con edad joven (OR=3,57; IC95%, 1,54-8,33; p=0,003), sexo masculino (OR=4,00; IC95%, 1,51-12,50; p=0,008) e inversamente con el stent PALMAZ (OR=0,29; IC95%, 0,12-0,67; p=0,005). La reintervención fue menor en adultos (10%), principalmente por aneurismas. Los pacientes que recibieron tratamiento cuando tenían 12 años o menos presentaron tasas de reintervención más altas (43%) debido al crecimiento somático. Conclusiones: Se observó una incidencia notable de eventos tardíos a largo plazo en pacientes con CoA tratados mediante stent. La reintervención fue más frecuente en pacientes tratados a edades más jóvenes. Parece aconsejable una vigilancia periódica mediante pruebas de imagen. (AU)

Introduction and objectives: Stent implantation is the preferred treatment in older children and adults with aortic coarctation (CoA). We aimed to determine the incidence of very late events after CoA stenting. Methods: We analyzed a cohort of CoA patients who underwent stent implantation at our center between 1993 and 2018. Patients were periodically followed up in outpatient clinics, including computed tomography (CT) and fluoroscopy assessment. Results: A total of 167 patients with CT and fluoroscopy data were included: 83 (49.7%) were aged ≤ 12 years and 46 (28%) were female. The mean clinical follow-up time was 17±8 (range 4-30) years and the mean time to CT/fluoroscopy was 11±7 years. Aortic aneurysm was present in 13% and was associated with the PALMAZ stent (OR, 3.09; 95%CI, 1.11-9.49; P=.036) and the stented length (OR, 0.94; 95%CI, 0.89-0.99; P=.039). Stent fracture was frequent (34%), but was not related to the presence of aneurysm. Stent fracture was associated with young age (OR, 3.57; 95%CI, 1.54-8.33; P=.003), male sex (OR, 4.00; 95%CI, 1.51-12.5, P=.008) and inversely with the PALMAZ stent (OR, 0.29; 95%CI, 0.12-0.67, P=.005). Reintervention was lower in adults (10%), mainly related to aneurysms. Those treated when aged ≤ 12 years had higher reintervention rates (43%) due to recoarctation somatic growth. Conclusions: This long-term follow-up study of CoA patients treated with stenting revealed a significant incidence of late events. Reintervention rates were higher in patients treated at younger ages. Periodic imaging surveillance appears to be advisable. (AU)

Very long-term follow-up after aortic stenting for coarctation of the aorta.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Stent implantation is the preferred treatment in older children and adults with aortic coarctation (CoA). We aimed to determine the incidence of very late events after CoA stenting. METHODS: We analyzed a cohort of CoA patients who underwent stent implantation at our center between 1993 and 2018. Patients were periodically followed up in outpatient clinics, including computed tomography (CT) and fluoroscopy assessment. RESULTS: A total of 167 patients with CT and fluoroscopy data were included: 83 (49.7%) were aged ≤ 12 years and 46 (28%) were female. The mean clinical follow-up time was 17±8 (range 4-30) years and the mean time to CT/fluoroscopy was 11±7 years. Aortic aneurysm was present in 13% and was associated with the PALMAZ stent (OR, 3.09; 95%CI, 1.11-9.49; P=.036) and the stented length (OR, 0.94; 95%CI, 0.89-0.99; P=.039). Stent fracture was frequent (34%), but was not related to the presence of aneurysm. Stent fracture was associated with young age (OR, 3.57; 95%CI, 1.54-8.33; P=.003), male sex (OR, 4.00; 95%CI, 1.51-12.5, P=.008) and inversely with the PALMAZ stent (OR, 0.29; 95%CI, 0.12-0.67, P=.005). Reintervention was lower in adults (10%), mainly related to aneurysms. Those treated when aged ≤ 12 years had higher reintervention rates (43%) due to recoarctation somatic growth. CONCLUSIONS: This long-term follow-up study of CoA patients treated with stenting revealed a significant incidence of late events. Reintervention rates were higher in patients treated at younger ages. Periodic imaging surveillance appears to be advisable.

Guía de presión encarcelada en el tratamiento percutáneo de las bifurcaciones coronarias: daño estructural y resultados clínicos / Jailed pressure wire technique for coronary bifurcation lesions: structural damage and clinical outcomes

Introducción y objetivos: El uso de una guía de presión encarcelada para evaluar los resultados de la rama lateral durante la técnica del stent provisional parece factible. Sin embargo, existen dudas sobre su seguridad por el daño mecánico de la guía y son escasos los datos referentes al pronóstico de los pacientes. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el daño estructural de la guía de presión en la técnica de la guía encarcelada y examinar los resultados clínicos a medio plazo. Métodos: Se incluyó a 99 pacientes con lesiones bifurcadas tratadas mediante la técnica de guía de presión encarcelada y, como control histórico, a 114 pacientes tratados mediante la técnica de la guía encarcelada con guías no poliméricas. Se evaluó el daño de la guía mediante microscopía estereoscópica. El objetivo primario fue localizar la presencia de daño microscópico significativo. Se examinaron eventos cardiovasculares adversos mayores a los dos años de seguimiento. Resultados: El daño microscópico significativo fue más frecuente en las guías de presión que en las no poliméricas (53,5% vs 22,8%, p <0,001). No hubo fracturas en ningún grupo. Hubo menos intervenciones de la rama lateral en el grupo de la guía de presión (posdilatación 32,3% vs 56,1%, p=0,001; stent, 0,0% vs 2,6%, p=0,104). El riesgo de eventos cardiovasculares a los 2 años fue similar en ambos grupos (HRadj=0,42; IC95%, 0,10-1,73; p=0,229). Conclusiones: La guía de presión fue menos resistente al encarcelamiento que la guía no polimérica. Los pacientes tratados con guía de presión requirieron menos intervenciones de la rama lateral, pero tuvieron similar riesgo de eventos a los 2 años de seguimiento. (AU)

Introduction and objectives: The use of a pressure wire as a jailed wire to evaluate side branch results during provisional stenting seems feasible. However, safety concerns exist due to the mechanical damage of the wire and the lack of prospective data evaluating the prognosis of patients treated using this technique. This study sought to evaluate the structural damage of the pressure wire in patients treated using the jailed pressure wire technique and to assess mid-term clinical outcomes. Methods: We enrolled 99 patients with single bifurcation lesions and provisional stenting as the strategy of choice. A jailed pressure wire was used to guide side branch intervention according to the instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR). A total of 114 patients and the respective nonpolymer-coated jailed wires were used as historical controls. Guidewire damage was evaluated by stereomicroscopy. The primary endpoint was significant microscopic damage. Major adverse cardiac events were evaluated at 2-year follow-up. Results: Significant microscopic damage was more frequent in pressure wires than in nonpolymer-coated wires (53.5% vs 22.8%, P<.001). There were no fractures in either group. There were fewer side branch interventions in the pressure wire group (postdilation/kissing balloon, 32.3% vs 56.1%, P=.001; stenting, 0.0% vs 2.6%, P=.104). The 2-year rate of major adverse cardiac events was similar between the 2 groups (HRadj, 0.42; 95%CI, 0.10-1.73; P=.229). Conclusions: Pressure wires were less resistant to jailing than conventional nonpolymer-coated wires. Patients treated with iFR-guided provisional stenting required fewer side branch interventions but had similar 2-year clinical outcomes than patients treated with the angiography-guided technique. (AU)

Jailed pressure wire technique for coronary bifurcation lesions: structural damage and clinical outcomes.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The use of a pressure wire as a jailed wire to evaluate side branch results during provisional stenting seems feasible. However, safety concerns exist due to the mechanical damage of the wire and the lack of prospective data evaluating the prognosis of patients treated using this technique. This study sought to evaluate the structural damage of the pressure wire in patients treated using the jailed pressure wire technique and to assess mid-term clinical outcomes. METHODS: We enrolled 99 patients with single bifurcation lesions and provisional stenting as the strategy of choice. A jailed pressure wire was used to guide side branch intervention according to the instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR). A total of 114 patients and the respective nonpolymer-coated jailed wires were used as historical controls. Guidewire damage was evaluated by stereomicroscopy. The primary endpoint was significant microscopic damage. Major adverse cardiac events were evaluated at 2-year follow-up. RESULTS: Significant microscopic damage was more frequent in pressure wires than in nonpolymer-coated wires (53.5% vs 22.8%, P<.001). There were no fractures in either group. There were fewer side branch interventions in the pressure wire group (postdilation/kissing balloon, 32.3% vs 56.1%, P=.001; stenting, 0.0% vs 2.6%, P=.104). The 2-year rate of major adverse cardiac events was similar between the 2 groups (HRadj, 0.42; 95%CI, 0.10-1.73; P=.229). CONCLUSIONS: Pressure wires were less resistant to jailing than conventional nonpolymer-coated wires. Patients treated with iFR-guided provisional stenting required fewer side branch interventions but had similar 2-year clinical outcomes than patients treated with the angiography-guided technique.

Validation of Quantitative Flow Ratio-Derived Virtual Angioplasty with Post-Angioplasty Fractional Flow Reserve-The QIMERA-I Study.

Background: Quantitative flow ratio (QFR) virtual angioplasty with pre-PCI residual QFR showed better results compared with an angiographic approach to assess post-PCI functional results. However, correlation with pre-PCI residual QFR and post-PCI fractional flow reserve (FFR) is lacking. Methods: A multicenter prospective study including consecutive patients with angiographically 50-90% coronary lesions and positive QFR results. All patients were evaluated with QFR, hyperemic and non-hyperemic pressure ratios (NHPR) before and after the index PCI. Pre-PCI residual QFR (virtual angioplasty) was calculated and compared with post-PCI fractional flow reserve (FFR), QFR and NHPR. Results: A total of 84 patients with 92 treated coronary lesions were included, with a mean age of 65.5 ± 10.9 years and 59% of single vessel lesions being the left anterior descending artery in 69%. The mean vessel diameter was 2.82 ± 0.41 mm. Procedural success was achieved in all cases, with a mean number of implanted stents of 1.17 ± 0.46. The baseline QFR value was 0.69 ± 0.12 and baseline FFR and NHPR were 0.73 ± 0.08 and 0.82 ± 0.11, respectively. Mean post-PCI FFR increased to 0.87 ± 0.05 whereas residual QFR had been estimated as 0.95 ± 0.05, showing poor correlation with post-PCI FFR (0.163; 95% CI:0.078-0.386) and low diagnostic accuracy (30.9%, 95% CI:20-43%). Conclusions: In this analysis, the results of QFR-based virtual angioplasty did not seem to accurately correlate with post-PCI FFR.

Excimer laser coronary atherectomy for uncrossable coronary lesions. A multicenter registry.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the efficacy and safety of excimer laser coronary atherectomy (ELCA), as well as, the long-term outcomes and the factors associated with ELCA failure in uncrossable lesions. BACKGROUND: Uncrossable lesions constitute a challenge for percutaneous coronary intervention. METHODS: This multicenter registry included 126 patients with 126 uncrossable lesions. Study endpoints were ELCA success, technical success and a composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction (MI), and target-lesion revascularization (TLR) on follow-up. Predictors of ELCA failure were analyzed. RESULTS: Moderate or severe calcification was present in 79 (62.7%) of the lesions and 58 (46%) were a chronic total occlusion. ELCA success was obtained in 103 (81.8%) patients. Rotational atherectomy was attempted as bailout in 21 out of 23 ELCA failure (91.3%), being successful in 14 (66.7%) of them. Finally, technical and procedural success were achieved in 114 (90.5%) and 110 (87.3%) of the patients. Severe calcification was independently associated with ELCA failure (OR: 3.73, 95% CI: 1.35-10.32; p = .011). Two (1.6%) patients died (one after a stroke and another patient because of heart failure), 4 (3.2%) developed a non-Q MI without clinical consequences and 1 (0.8%) patient had a Q-MI. Other complications were ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation (n = 2; 1.6%) and flow-limiting dissection (n = 1, 0.8%). At follow-up (median 424 days), 3 (2.4%) patients died (1 (0.8%) from cardiovascular cause) and 15 (11.9%) required TLR. CONCLUSIONS: In our multicenter experience, ELCA use demonstrated to be safe and reasonably effective with a rate of events on follow-up relatively low. Severe calcification was associated with ELCA failure.

Prótesis autoexpandible degenerada: implante percutáneo aórtico valve-in-valve / Degenerated aortic self-expanding prosthesis: percutaneous valve-in-valve implantation

No disponible

Impact of the repositionable Evolut R CoreValve system on the need for a permanent pacemaker after transcatheter aortic valve implantation in patients with severe aortic stenosis.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the incidence of permanent pacemaker implantation (PPI) with the CoreValve and Evolut R prostheses, to evaluate the implantation depth with both types of prostheses, and to study factors predicting the need for PPI. BACKGROUND: The Evolut R CoreValve can be recaptured and repositioned during deployment, allowing a more precise implantation. METHODS: A total of 208 patients treated with CoreValve and 137 patients treated with Evolut R were analyzed. The depth of the prosthesis in the LVOT was measured by angiography in the annular perpendicular view projection after deploymen in all patients. RESULTS: Baseline conduction abnormalities were comparable between the groups (85/208, 40.9% vs. 53/137, 38.7%; p = 0.69). The mean prosthesis depth was 10.3 ± 8.6 mm in the CoreValve group and 5.5 ± 2.7 mm in the Evolut R group; p < 0.0001. Conduction disturbances after valve implantation were more frequent with the CoreValve (new-onset left bundle branch block: 93, 44.7% vs. 16, 11.7%; p < 0.05, first-degree atrioventricular block: 23, 11.1% vs. 5, 3.6%; p < 0.05). In addition, the incidence of PPI was significantly lower with Evolut R (45, 21.6% vs. 15, 10.9%; p = 0.01). The predictors of the need for PPI were the mean depth of the prosthesis (OR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.06-1.21; p < 0.0001) and prior right bundle branch block (OR 10.22, 95% CI: 4.62-22.63; p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The recapturable capability of the Evolut R system allowed for higher and precise valve implantation. This fact had an impact on the reduction in the need for PPI.

Percutaneous reintervention on aortic coarctation stenting.

AIMS: The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of percutaneous reintervention in patients who underwent aortic coarctation stenting at an early age. METHODS AND RESULTS: From 1993 to 2018, 177 patients with aortic coarctation were treated with stent implantation at our centre; 33 of them were treated at less than 12 years of age and required reintervention because of their rate of growth. The average age of the patients at the first and second procedure was 6±3 years and 19±7 years, respectively. At the reintervention procedure, 15 (45%) patients were treated with balloon re-expansion, and 18 (55%) were treated with re-stenting. Success was obtained in 30 patients (91%). The gradient across the coarctation changed from 22±10 mmHg to 6±6 mmHg, while the minimal lumen diameter increased from 9±6 mm to 15±3 mm. There were eight occlusions of the femoral artery (after the first procedure), and two covered stents were needed because of femoral bleeding. The mean follow-up time after the second procedure was 5±4 years. A third procedure was required only in three patients (9%). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with aortic coarctation treated with stent placement at an early age can be successfully re-treated after the completion of their somatic growth.

Cierre percutáneo de importante fuga paravalvular aórtica protésica / Percutaneous closure of a large paravalvular prosthetic aortic leak

No disponible

FOP con platipnea-ortodesoxia y ausencia de cava inferior / PFO with platypnea-orthodeoxia in the absence of inferior cava

No disponible

Reparación percutánea de aneurisma aórtico gigante / Percutaneous repair of a giant aortic aneurysm

No disponible

Uno frente a 2 stents para el tratamiento de lesiones en bifurcación en el contexto de una oclusión coronaria crónica total. Registro multicéntrico / One versus 2-stent strategy for the treatment of bifurcation lesions in the context of a coronary chronic total occlusion. A multicenter registry

Introducción y objetivos: Hay escasa evidencia sobre el tratamiento de lesiones en bifurcación en relación con una oclusión coronaria crónica total (OCT). Este estudio analiza los resultados inmediatos y a medio plazo de pacientes con lesiones en bifurcación en OCT tratados con 1 stent provisional frente a 2 stents en un registro multicéntrico. Métodos: Entre enero de 2012 y junio de 2016, se recanalizaron 922 OCT en los 4 centros participantes. De ellas, 238 (25,8%) con lesión en bifurcación se trataron mediante estrategia simple (n = 201) o compleja (n = 37). Se calculó la puntuación de propensión emparejada para detectar sesgos entre ambos grupos. Los eventos adversos cardiovasculares mayores (MACE) se definieron como muerte cardiaca, infarto y revascularización de la lesión diana. Resultados: Los éxitos angiográfico y del procedimiento fueron similares con la técnica simple (el 94,5 frente al 97,3%; p = 0,48) y con la compleja (el 85,6 frente al 81,1%; p = 0,49), aunque la cantidad de contraste, la dosis de radiación y el tiempo de fluoroscopia fueron menores con la técnica simple. Al seguimiento (25 meses), la tasa de MACE fue del 8% de los pacientes con la técnica simple y el 10,8% de los tratados con 2 stents (p = 0,58). En este grupo hubo tendencia a una menor supervivencia libre de MACE (el 80,1 frente al 69,8%; p = 0,08). Después del análisis de propensión, no se observaron diferencias entre los grupos en los resultados inmediatos ni al seguimiento. Conclusiones: Las LB en OCT pueden tratarse de modo similar que las demás bifurcaciones, para las que el stent provisional es la técnica de elección. Después de la puntuación de propensión emparejada, no hubo diferencias en los resultados inmediatos y a medio plazo entre ambos grupos

Introduction and objectives: There is little evidence on the optimal strategy for bifurcation lesions in the context of a coronary chronic total occlusion (CTO). This study compared the procedural and mid-term outcomes of patients with bifurcation lesions in CTO treated with provisional stenting vs 2-stent techniques in a multicenter registry. Methods: Between January 2012 and June 2016, 922 CTO were recanalized at the 4 participating centers. Of these, 238 (25.8%) with a bifurcation lesion (side branch ≥ 2 mm located proximally, distally, or within the occluded segment) were treated by a simple approach (n = 201) or complex strategy (n = 37). Propensity score matching was performed to account for selection bias between the 2 groups. Major adverse cardiac events (MACE) consisted of a composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction, and clinically-driven target lesion revascularization. Results: Angiographic and procedural success were similar in the simple and complex groups (94.5% vs 97.3%; P = .48 and 85.6% vs 81.1%; P = .49). However, contrast volume, radiation dose, and fluoroscopy time were lower with the simple approach. At follow-up (25 months), the MACE rate was 8% in the simple and 10.8% in the complex group (P = .58). There was a trend toward a lower MACE-free survival in the complex group (80.1% vs 69.8%; P = .08). After propensity analysis, there were no differences between the groups regarding immediate and follow-up results. Conclusions: Bifurcation lesions in CTO can be approached similarly to regular bifurcation lesions, for which provisional stenting is considered the technique of choice. After propensity score matching, there were no differences in procedural or mid-term clinical outcomes between the simple and complex strategies

One Versus 2-stent Strategy for the Treatment of Bifurcation Lesions in the Context of a Coronary Chronic Total Occlusion. A Multicenter Registry.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: There is little evidence on the optimal strategy for bifurcation lesions in the context of a coronary chronic total occlusion (CTO). This study compared the procedural and mid-term outcomes of patients with bifurcation lesions in CTO treated with provisional stenting vs 2-stent techniques in a multicenter registry. METHODS: Between January 2012 and June 2016, 922 CTO were recanalized at the 4 participating centers. Of these, 238 (25.8%) with a bifurcation lesion (side branch ≥ 2mm located proximally, distally, or within the occluded segment) were treated by a simple approach (n=201) or complex strategy (n=37). Propensity score matching was performed to account for selection bias between the 2 groups. Major adverse cardiac events (MACE) consisted of a composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction, and clinically-driven target lesion revascularization. RESULTS: Angiographic and procedural success were similar in the simple and complex groups (94.5% vs 97.3%; P=.48 and 85.6% vs 81.1%; P=.49). However, contrast volume, radiation dose, and fluoroscopy time were lower with the simple approach. At follow-up (25 months), the MACE rate was 8% in the simple and 10.8% in the complex group (P=.58). There was a trend toward a lower MACE-free survival in the complex group (80.1% vs 69.8%; P=.08). After propensity analysis, there were no differences between the groups regarding immediate and follow-up results. CONCLUSIONS: Bifurcation lesions in CTO can be approached similarly to regular bifurcation lesions, for which provisional stenting is considered the technique of choice. After propensity score matching, there were no differences in procedural or mid-term clinical outcomes between the simple and complex strategies.